This article aims to discuss the literary discourse GABA as constituent speech.The work was carried out through literature.We will do at a first moment a history route of the concept, how and where it occurs and its peculiar difference Clean to the others speeches from the analysis of the speech of French current.In this work we will also discuss concepts related to: archeion, constituency, paratopy, textual structures, discursive communities, hermeneutic, understoods and assumptions, ethos, polyphony and constitutive heterogeneity.